^B{^#!16!1 July^N! National Day of Canada. Feast day of St Gall of Clermont, Saints Aaron and Julius, St Eparchius or Cybard, St Oliver Plunket, St Carilephus or Calais, St Thierry or Theodoric of Mont d'Or, St Servanus or Serf, St Simeon Salus, and St Shenute.
^B{1690^B} At the Battle of the Boyne, William III of England defeated the Jacobites under James II. ^B{1751 ^B}The first volume of Diderot's ^I{EncyclopΘdie^I} was published in Paris. ^B{1838 ^B}Charles Darwin presented a paper to the Linnaean Society in London, UK, on his theory of the evolution of species. ^B{1863 ^B}The Battle of Gettysburg, in the American Civil War, began. ^B{1916 ^B}The first Battle of the Somme began; more than 21,000 men were killed on the battle's first day. ^B{1937 ^B}The telephone emergency service, 999, became operational in Britain. ^B{1940 ^B}Guernsey was occupied by German forces. ^B{1990 ^B}A state treaty establishing a unified economy and monetary system for East and West Germany went into effect. ^B{1991 ^B}The Warsaw Pact, the last vestige of the Cold War-era Soviet bloc, was formally disbanded.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}George Sand, French novelist, ^B{1804^B}; Louis BlΘriot, French aviator, ^B{1872^B}; Charles Laughton, English film actor, ^B{1899^B}; Olivia de Havilland, US film actress, ^B{1916^B}; HRH the Princess of Wales, ^B{1961^B}; Carl Lewis, US athlete, ^B{1961^B}.
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Charles Goodyear, US inventor, ^B{1860^B}; Allan Pinkerton, US founder of the Detective Agency, ^B{1884^B}; Harriet Beecher Stowe, US author, ^B{1896^B}; Erik Satie, French composer, ^B{1925^B}; Juan Per≤n, Argentinian politician, ^B{1974^B}.
